Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)
Rated = official figures as published by manufacturer. Rated consumption and fuel equivalency figures include charging losses.Vehicle = calculated battery energy consumption used by the vehicle for propulsion and on-board systems.
Vehicle-to-Load (V2L)
Inspiration and styling
According to Musk, the design of the Cybertruck was inspired by Blade Runner and "Wet Nellie", the Lotus Esprit driven by James Bond in The Spy Who Loved Me, which doubled as a submarine.[59] Like most vehicles, the Cybertruck can float for short periods of time.[60]
In a Musk biography by Walter Isaacson, Musk's son Saxon was quoted as asking, "Why doesn't the future look like the future?", which Musk used as an inspiration for the design[61] and repeated during the delivery event.[52][62] Lars Moravy confirmed Musk's involvement: "Elon threw in that it had to drive like a sports car but have all the utility of a pick-up truck... basically, we were sweating bullets". Franz von Holzhausen stated the design process "started [by] unpacking existing pick-up trucks and realis[ing] that the market hasn't changed at all. [...] Like Gandini, we wanted to do something dramatic that changed everything. I had this simple idea right in the beginning: this exoskeleton idea, a low-resolution-looking type of truck. And out of that side project, we made a full-size clay model to show Elon. And he's like, 'that's what we're doing.'"[2]
Frank Stephenson was critical, calling the design "almost repulsive" but tempered his criticism by noting it "has the potential to be extremely beautiful" by softening the hard lines.[63] Automotive designer Adrian Clarke was more unsparing: "The Cybertruck is a low polygon joke that only exists in the fever dreams of Tesla fans that stands high on the smell of Elon Musk's flatulences."[64] Giorgetto Giugiaro, credited with originating the "origami" car design trend with the Lotus Esprit, BMW M1, and DMC DeLorean, stated in 2023 that "when you step outside the norms, it's almost always seen as a provocation [...] the Cybertruck will surely be successful [...] I'm convinced it will find its admirers".[65]
The 300-series stainless-steel panels have a thickness of 1.8 and 1.4 mm (0.071 and 0.055 in) for the doors and body, respectively, according to a factory tour video.[66] These panels cannot be stamped like conventional automobile parts, but instead are laser-cut and then bent along straight lines.[67][verification needed] According to Tesla's VP of Vehicle Engineering Lars Moravy, Tesla had to invent a manufacturing process called "air bending" which shapes the steel with high air pressure without actually touching the surface.[68] The Cybertruck's stainless steel finish is prone to rust spots and requires special care such as avoiding washing the vehicle in direct sunlight.[69][70]
In 2019, it was reportedly going to use a stainless-steel alloy developed by Tesla[71] in partnership with Aperam.[67]
Tesla stated that they use a platform approach to the powertrain components—using only a single permanent magnet motor rotor/stator design, a single induction motor rotor/stator design, a single motor inverter design, and a single gear set design—for all three configurations of Cybertruck—tri-motor all-wheel drive (AWD), dual-motor AWD, and single-motor rear-wheel drive (RWD)—delivering a range of power from 845 hp (630 kW) on the tri-motor down to 315 hp (235 kW) in the single-motor version. All powertrain components for both motor types are housed in a liquid-cooled integrated subassembly that includes the rotor/stator, inverter and the 15:1-ratio gear set.[72]
The dual-motor AWD version uses an induction motor on the front axle with a maximum output of 303 hp (226 kW) and a permanent magnet motor on the rear axle with a maximum output of 297 hp (221 kW) for a total power output of 600 hp (450 kW).[73] The tri-motor AWD version—"Cyberbeast"—swaps motor locations (PM to front axle, IM to rear axle) and adds a second induction motor on the rear axle, offering a maximum combined output of 845 hp (630 kW) in Beast Mode,[74] split as 276 hp (206 kW) for the front motor and 284 hp (212 kW) for each rear motor.[73] A rear-wheel drive version, announced for delayed production not before 2025, will be equipped with the single permanent magnet motor on the rear axle.[72]
In late 2021, Tesla contemplated adding a quad-motor option, but it was not offered when the production vehicles were brought to market in late 2023.[75]
Bidirectional Charging (V2X / BPT)
Daya tempuhnya lumayan jauh
Tesla menjual mobil ini dengan tiga varian berbeda berdasarkan jenis mesin penggerak rodanya. Varian tersebut terdiri dari, Cybertruck tipe Single Motor RWD (Rear Wheel Drive), Dual Motor AWD (All Wheel Drive), dan Tri Motor AWD.Namun, dari ketiga varian tersebut, baru satu tipe yang diproduksi oleh Tesla, yakni Cybertruck tipe Single Motor RWD. Tipe ini mulai diproduksi secara massal pada tahun 2021 lalu. Walaupun hanya di lengkapi motor penggerak tunggal yang terletak di bagian roda belakang mobil, tipe ini menawarkan daya jangkau hingga 400 km.Sementara tipe lainnya seperti Dual Motor AWD memiliki daya jangkau hingga 480 km, serta Tri Motor AWD yang memiliki daya jangkau terjauh yakni hingga 800 km jauhnya.
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Range, battery, and charging
Dual motor all-wheel drive is specified with an estimated range of 340 mi (550 km), while Cyberbeast models have a range of 320 mi (510 km).[81] A rear wheel drive model, slated to begin production in 2025, has a range of 250 mi (400 km).[74]
The Cybertruck has an 816 V nominal, 150 Ah[73][84] structural battery pack with a maximum capacity of 123 kWh.[2] The pack serves as a structural member and is composed of 4680 lithium-ion battery cells; with a stated energy density of 170 Wh/kg for the entire pack, the overall battery pack weight is approximately 1,590 lb (720 kg).[73]
The battery is claimed to charge at a maximum rate of 350 kW at charging stations capable of supplying 800 V DC power.[2] Tesla claims that up to 128 or 136 mi (206 or 219 km) (tri-motor or dual-motor versions, respectively) of range can be added in 15 minutes of charging at 400 V DC.[85] The onboard charger can accept AC power at a maximum rate of 11.5 kW at 240 V, 48 A.[1] The 800 V split-pack battery is composed of two smaller 400 V batteries; contactors connect them in parallel for backwards compatibility with existing 400V DC charging infrastructure.[86] The service menu shows the current state of "Series" or "Parallel" (High Voltage/Charging).[87]
The dual-motor and tri-motor configurations can be ordered with a "range extender" option, which adds a 50 kWh battery to the vehicle. The battery occupies approximately 1⁄3 of the bed and increases range by 120–130 mi (190–210 km).[81] It is intended for long trips or towing heavy loads up mountains.[88]
The Cybertruck offers up to 9.6 kW of vehicle-to-load (V2L) continuous AC power through five outlets:[89]
In addition, the Cybertruck also supports up to 11.5 kW AC output for vehicle-to-home (V2H) charging.[90][91] A Tesla Wall Connector and either a Tesla Gateway or Powerwall are required to enable bidirectional loads to a home.[92]
Powershare in the Cybertruck does not directly support vehicle-to-grid (V2G) supply due to regulations for feeding power to the grid.[93]: 42:42
A 'wade' mode allows the vehicle to cross water up to 2.5 feet (0.76 m) deep. It uses scuba pack to create positive pressure inside the battery to keep water from entering.[83]
Dimensions and Weight
* = estimated value. Average energy consumption and range based on moderate drive style and climate. Real-life values may differ significantly. Pricing information might not be actual for some regions. No rights can be derived from the information on this site.
Suspension, chassis and steering
The Cybertruck uses active air suspension at both axles. The Cybertruck has self-leveling suspension that can compensate for variable load weights. Up to 12 inches (30 cm) of suspension travel and 17.4 inches (44 cm) of ground clearance are provided,[2] with a 35 degree approach angle, and 28 degree departure angle.[78]
The Cybertruck uses steer-by-wire,[79] controlled by a "yoke-style steering apparatus".[80] All turns can be completed with less than a full rotation, 340° lock-to-lock, 170° in each direction.[81] Four-wheel steering (rear wheels up to 10°) reduces the turning circle.[52][82] Steering is speed sensitive and damped to mitigate whipping violently in rough terrain. The front motor can deliver all of its torque to one wheel using a locking differential. The handling balance can be adjusted to allow drifting.[83]
Real Energy Consumption Estimation between 185 - 370 Wh/km
Indication of real-world energy use in several situations. Cold weather: 'worst-case' based on -10°C and use of heating. Mild weather: 'best-case' based on 23°C and no use of A/C. For 'Highway' figures a constant speed of 110 km/h is assumed. The energy use will depend on speed, style of driving, climate and route conditions.
Mid-voltage electrical system
The Cybertruck uses a 48-volt electrical system; this 48 V DC is fed to electric-powered components including steering actuators, oil pumps at the drive units, window regulator motors, wiper motor,[93]: 18:02 accessory power feed to the frunk (400W)[94] and to the roof (400W),[94] three domain controller ECUs, the touchscreen [95][non-primary source needed] and a 48-volt lithium-ion battery.[96][non-primary source needed]
The Cybertruck has five seats,[80] two in the front and a three-seat bench in the back row.[2] The vehicle has an 18.5 in (47 cm) touch-screen display in the front for most of the climate, media, and vehicle controls.[80][2] The vehicle also contains a 9.4 in (24 cm) touch-screen for the rear seat passengers.[80][2] The steering wheel is in the shape of a "squircle" (combination of a square and a circle), with a flat top and bottom, and round sides.[74]
The cargo bed is 72 in (1,800 mm) long and 48 in (1,200 mm) wide. It has a motorized roller shutter style tonneau cover enclosing a storage area of 67 cu ft (1.9 m3).[97][98] The cargo bed has sloped side walls.[99][better source needed]
When the tonneau cover is closed, the rear window is blocked, rendering a traditional rear-view mirror, which is not present, useless.[100][101] To aid visibility when reversing and towing, the feed from rear-facing cameras is displayed on the main touchscreen.[100][101][80]
The bed area is illuminated with LED light strips along each side, contains a storage area below the main cargo deck behind the rear wheels, and has 120 and 240 V AC power outlets.[102]
The Cybertruck uses a central, bi-directional gigabit Etherloop network with CAN bus satellite networks to operate vehicle systems. The result is that data travels over the same network, as opposed to traditional CAN bus systems which require individual connections, reducing the amount of wiring in the vehicle. Audio travels over the same network. For comparison, while the number of endpoints increased 50% over the Model 3, the amount of cross-vehicle wiring was reduced by two-thirds.[72]
Its post-apocalyptic dystopian marketing has been described as a reflection of perceived societal decay within America.[103][104] The Cybertruck's stainless steel finish is prone to surface contamination that looks like rust,[105] and requires special care such as avoiding washing the vehicle in direct sunlight and drying after rain.[69][70][106][107]
The Cybertruck has been criticized for its poor build quality, malfunctions, and price hikes following reservations.[108][109][110] However, in 2024, Car and Driver magazine gave the Cybertruck a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that "The buzz-worthy Cybertruck leads with show-pony party tricks and high-tech features, but it's also a capable workhorse with a practical side."[111]
As of June 2024[update], 11,688 Cybertrucks had been sold,[112] making it the best-selling EV pickup truck in the United States by the first half of 2024.[113] Tesla still has a backlog of 2 million Cybertruck reservations made by December 2023.[114]
In the first year after its release, the Cybertruck had twenty one complaints and six separate recalls, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA):[115][116]
The vehicle has not been crash tested by the NHTSA or by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).[117] [118]
The Cybertruck's angular design and stiff stainless-steel exterior raised concerns among safety experts that it could hurt pedestrians and cyclists and damage other vehicles on roads.[119][120] Particular concerns were raised about the high stiffness of the "exoskeleton" exterior, potentially reducing crumple zones. The tall, flat front of the truck may increase the severity of pedestrian leg injuries.[119][121] Vehicle design experts speculated that it would fail to pass safety testing in various countries, including Australia, due to the risk it poses to both occupants and people outside of the vehicle, especially pedestrians.[122][123] Tesla defended the design, saying that the structures of the Cybertruck would absorb an impact during a crash,[119] and pointing out that it passed a U.S. regulatory review.[119]
On April 17, 2024, the NHTSA announced that Tesla had recalled all 3,878 Cybertrucks sold as of that date to fix an accelerator pedal pad that could come loose and get lodged in the interior trim, causing the car to unintentionally accelerate.[124][125][126] In June 2024, Tesla delayed deliveries of the Cybertruck due to windshield wiper motor failures.[127] Later that month, another recall addressed loose trim pieces that can fall off, causing danger to other motorists or pedestrians.[128]
On August 5, 2024, the Texas Department of Public Safety reported that a Cybertruck had collided with a concrete culvert causing the vehicle to lose control and crash. The vehicle was then engulfed in flames, killing the driver. The crash happened near the intersection of Fisher Road and West Cedar Parkway in Baytown, Texas, marking the first recorded fatal car accident of the Cybertruck. As of September 2024[update], the cause of the crash was unknown.[129][130]
In July 2024, the Cybertruck was added to Fortnite and Rocket League.[131] Fortnite users quickly pledged on social media to target in-game anyone who used the virtual truck.[132]
